Properties of Graphite
Composition and Properties of Graphite: The Science Behind a Super Material
Unveiling the Composition
Graphite, a naturally occurring form of carbon, is distinguished by its crystalline structure, where carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. This unique configuration endows graphite with remarkable properties that have significant implications across various scientific and industrial sectors.
Structural Formula and Bonding: Each carbon atom in graphite is sp² hybridized, forming three sigma (σ) bonds with adjacent carbon atoms in a flat plane, creating the familiar hexagonal lattice. This leaves one electron per carbon atom free, residing in a p-orbital, which is oriented perpendicular to the plane. These electrons participate in pi (π) bonding, which significantly influences graphite's properties. The carbon-carbon bond length within the layers is precisely 1.42 Ångstroms.
The layers themselves are separated by a distance of 3.35 Ångstroms and are held together by relatively weak van der Waals forces. This layering allows the planes to slide over each other with ease, contributing to graphite's characteristic lubricity.
Key Properties of Graphite
High Electrical Conductivity: One of the standout features of graphite is its excellent electrical conductivity, typically around 10⁴ S/m. This property is due to the delocalized π-electrons free to move across the layers, facilitating efficient electrical current flow. This makes graphite an ideal material for use in electrodes in batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, and in electrical contacts where minimal resistance is crucial.
Lubrication: Graphite's ability to act as a lubricant is derived from the weak interlayer van der Waals forces, allowing the layers to glide smoothly over one another. This results in a low coefficient of friction, approximately 0.1, making graphite an excellent choice for dry lubricants and greases used in various mechanical and industrial applications.
Thermal Resistance and Stability: Graphite's high melting point, around 3,650°C (sublimation point), underscores its ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Its thermal properties are further exemplified by its specific heat capacity, approximately 0.71 J/g·K, and thermal conductivity, around 200 W/m·K. These characteristics make graphite indispensable in high-temperature applications such as furnace linings and crucibles used in metal processing.
Chemical Inertness: Graphite is chemically inert, resisting most acids and alkalis. This resistance is primarily due to the robust covalent bonds within the carbon layers. Graphite's standard enthalpy of formation is 0 kJ/mol, illustrating its stability and making it suitable for use in corrosive environments found in chemical reactors and as protective coatings.
Additional Properties:
- Thermal Conductivity: Beyond its resistance to heat, graphite is also an effective conductor of heat, with values ranging between 150 and 300 W/m·K, which is essential for applications involving heat dissipation in electronic devices and thermal management systems.
- Mechanical Strength: Despite its softness and flexibility, graphite exhibits considerable mechanical strength, with Young’s modulus between 10 and 20 GPa and tensile strength ranging from 20 to 40 MPa. These properties are critical for its durability and versatility in various structural applications.
Expanding Horizons
The exploration of graphite’s composition and properties reveals why it is a cornerstone material in many modern technologies and industrial applications. From enhancing battery performance to providing solutions for high-temperature industrial processes, graphite's role in advancing material science continues to grow, promising exciting new developments in fields as diverse as electronics, automotive, and aerospace industries.
Precise application with controlled droplet dispensing, Versatile use across various equipment
Precision nozzle, quick-drying, versatile, enhances functionality.
High-purity, durable, Versatile Use in household locks to industrial machinery.
Highly conductive graphite rods for electrolysis and chemical experiments.
Metallic Armor Liquid Graphite for Metal Finishes 5oz
Transform any surface into a realistic, shiny metallic finish with Metallic Armor Liquid Graphite. This 5oz product is for art projects, cosplay props, and stage sets. It's easy to apply and durable, ensuring a long-lasting finish. The product is suitable for various surfaces and provides a non-metallic appearance.
Product Specifications
| Container | Tall, cylindrical tin jar with built-in brush |
| Application Method | Brush |
| Finish Type | Shiny metallic |
| Note | Initial paint base, sealing products, buffing cloth, and instruction booklet are not included. |
Applications and Benefits:
- Art projects
- Cosplay props
- Stage sets
- Industrial applications
- Scientific research
- Creative projects
Key Features and Benefits
- Realistic, shiny metallic finish on various surfaces
- Easy brush or spray application
- Durable, long-lasting finish
Caution:
Work in a well-ventilated area and use protective gear such as gloves and a mask to avoid inhaling graphite dust.
Graphite Powder, Micronized Flake, 95+%
Micronized natural graphite is an electrically conductive powder that can produce metallic shine on skin and smooth surfaces. Particle size of about 5 micron and flake shape of particles allow you to apply this powder by brush or by foam to create a conductive surface or the metallic shine effect. GRPM5 is a natural graphite with more than 95% carbon content, ground to a fine powder with average particle size of about 5 micron.
Product Specifications
| Carbon Content | 95+% |
| Particle Size | 5 micron (average) |
| Apparent Density | 0.25 g/cc |
| CAS# Graphite | 7782-42-5 |
| CAS# Carbon | 7740-44-0 |
| SKU | GRPM5 |
Applications and Benefits:
- Lubrication (cold and hot)
- Lubricant pastes
- Conductive pastes
- Electroplating on plastics and non-conductive objects
- Powder metallurgy for alloy and sintering control
Caution:
The natural graphite may have impurities such as sulfur, quartz, mica, ash, and humidity.
GraphiSil 350 Silicone Graphite Lubricant
Enhance the performance and longevity of your machinery with GraphiSil 350 Silicone Graphite Lubricant. Our advanced formula combines high-purity graphite powder with premium silicone fluid for precise and lasting lubrication, reducing wear and corrosion.
Key Features
- High-performance blend of graphite powder and silicone fluid
- Precise application with controlled droplet dispensing
- Long-lasting protection against wear and corrosion
- Compact 15ml bottle for on-the-go maintenance
- Versatile use across various equipment and applications
Product Specifications
| Material | Graphite, Silicone Fluid 350 cst |
| Volume | 15 Milliliters |
| Weight | 1 Ounce |
| Brand | MINISCIENCE.COM |
| Product Dimensions | 0.75 x 0.75 x 3.5 inches |
| UNSPSC Code | 15121500 |
| Country of Origin | USA |
Similar Products
- High-purity graphite, silicone lubricant
- Durable, precise nozzle lubricant
- Multi-use graphite fluid lubricant
- Long-lasting, friction-reducing lubricant
- Compact lubricant for various equipment
Note: These are similar products, and each product is different, so research is required to find the best fit for your needs.
Perfect for sports enthusiasts, musicians, small business owners, and DIY maintenance.
GraphiQuick Liquid Graphite: Multi-Use Lubricant & Craft Enhancer 15ml
Innovative Liquid Graphite Technology ensures smooth lubrication with a unique metallic finish, suitable for both mechanical applications and artistic creations.
Key Features
- Liquid Graphite Formula for smooth lubrication
- Precision Nozzle for meticulous application
- Controlled Flow with adjustable line thickness
- Quick Drying & Durable, ideal for rapid projects
- Versatile Use in household and business maintenance
Product Specifications
| Material | Isopropyl Alcohol, Graphite |
| Volume | 15 Milliliters |
| Weight | 0.5 Ounces |
| Brand | MINISCIENCE.COM |
Similar Products
- Quick-dry, precision nozzle lubricant
- Multi-use, detailed application enhancer
- Metallic finish, fast-drying graphite
- Versatile liquid lubricant for crafts
- Artistic and mechanical graphite solution
Note: These are similar products, and each product is different, so research is required to find the best fit for your needs.
Perfect for DIY enthusiasts, crafters, and small business owners.
GraphiLock Premium Micronized Graphite Lubricant 15ml
Ensure peak performance with GraphiLock, crafted from high-purity, micronized graphite for detailed and thorough coverage. Ideal for locks and machinery in various environmental conditions.
Key Features
- Precision Application with flake-shaped particles
- Enhanced Performance reduces friction and wear
- Versatile Use in household locks to industrial machinery
- High Stability in Extreme Conditions
- Superior Adhesion for thorough lubrication
Product Specifications
| Carbon Content | More than 95% |
| Particle Size | Approximately 5 microns |
| Density | 0.25 g/cc |
| CAS Number | 7782-42-5 |
Similar Products
- High-purity graphite, industrial lubricant
- Precision lock lubrication, fine particles
- Extreme temperature graphite lubricant
- Durable mechanical graphite-based lubricant
- Micronized graphite for versatile use
Note: These are similar products, and each product is different, so research is required to find the best fit for your needs.
Perfect for industrial maintenance teams, locksmiths, and security professionals.
GR5 High Macro-Crystallinity Graphite Powder
GR5 is a premium natural flake graphite powder with a high degree of macro-crystallinity, boasting over 99% carbon content. Designed with flake-shaped particles, GR5 excels in thermal and electrical conductivity, making it ideal for various industries. It features low spring-back properties, enhancing its performance in applications such as molding and friction materials. GR5's versatility extends to powder metallurgy, batteries, fuel cells, refractories, lubricants, rubber compounds, pencils, gaskets, and polymer systems. Its purity ensures reliable performance across high-stress and specialized applications. Users are advised to handle with care and review the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for optimal use.
Key Features
- High macro-crystallinity ensures superior structural integrity
- 99% carbon content guarantees optimal purity
- Flake-shaped particles for easy application in manufacturing
- Exceptional thermal and electrical conductivity
- Low spring-back properties enhance performance in molding
- Versatile for multiple applications, including batteries, lubricants, and refractories
Product Specifications
| Carbon Content | 99% |
| Particle Shape | Flake |
| Apparent Density | 0.25 g/cc |
| CAS# Graphite | 7782-42-5 |
| CAS# Carbon | 7740-44-0 |
| SKU | GR5 |
Applications and Benefits:
- Powder metallurgy
- Batteries and fuel cells
- Refractories
- Lubricants
- Rubber compounds
- Pencils
- Gaskets
- Polymer systems
Caution:
Handle with care. The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) must be reviewed for optimal use and safety precautions.
Graphite Electrode Pair for Hoffman Electrolysis Apparatus
Introducing the Graphite Electrode Pair, a spare pair of carbon electrodes designed for use with the Hoffman Electrolysis Apparatus. These electrodes measure 100 x 5mm and are inserted in a rubber stopper with insulated lead wire. Made of high-quality graphite, they provide a reliable and long-lasting option for conducting electrolysis experiments. Whether you're a student or a professional, these spare carbon electrodes are an essential addition to your lab equipment.
Product Specifications:
| Product Name | Spare Pair Of Carbon Electrodes (Graphite Electrodes) |
| Material | Carbon |
| Size (L x D) | 100 x 5mm |
| Compatibility | Hoffman Electrolysis Apparatus |
| Features | Inserted in a rubber stopper with insulated lead wire |
Perfect for:
- Chemistry students
- Science teachers
- Electrolysis enthusiasts
- Lab technicians
- Research scientists
- Academic institutions
CAUTION: Please handle the carbon electrodes with care to avoid breakage or damage. Always use insulated lead wires to prevent electric shock. Do not touch the electrodes while they are in use as they may become extremely hot.
Carbon Rods Set
Carbon Rods Set is a collection of five highly conductive and resistant to acidic and alkaline solutions graphite rods. These rods are an excellent alternative to platinum electrodes for some electrolysis experiments. Each graphite rod is approximately 9 inches (20 cm) long and about 5 mm in diameter. Alligator clips can be used for making wire connections. The price is for a set of five carbon rods, and the minimum order quantity is one set. Bulk discounts or bulk pricing apply to all orders of 10 sets and more. This set of carbon rods is perfect for electrolysis of reactive materials and chemical solutions and other compounds.
Key Features:
- Carbon Rods, Graphite Rods, and Carbon Electrode Rods included in set
- Highly conductive for efficient electrolysis
- Resistant to acidic and alkaline solutions for durability
- Suitable alternative to platinum electrodes for some experiments
- Each graphite rod is approximately 9 inches (20 cm) long and 5 mm in diameter
- Bulk discounts available for orders of 10 sets or more
Product Specifications:
| Product Name | Carbon Rods, Graphite Rods, Carbon Electrode Rods, Set Of 5 Graphite, Carbon, Electrode Carbon Rods |
| Features | Highly Conductive, Resistant To Acidic And Alkaline Solutions, Suitable Alternative To Platinum Electrodes For Some Electrolysis Experiments |
| Dimensions | Each Graphite Rod Is About 9 Inches (20 Cm) Long And About 5 Mm In Diameter |
| Recommended Use | May Be Used For Electrolysis Of Reactive Materials And Chemical Solutions And Other Compounds |
| Wire Connections | Alligator Clips Can Be Used For Making Wire Connections |
| Price | Price Is For A Set Of Five Carbon Rods. Minimum Order Quantity Is One Set. Bulk Discounts Or Bulk Pricing Apply To All Orders Of 10 Sets And More |
Similar Products
- Graphite Electrodes
- Carbon Fiber Rods
- Graphene Rods
- Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
- Carbon Ceramic Rods
Note: These are similar products, and each product is different, so research is required to find the best fit for your needs.
Caution:
These carbon and graphite rods are highly conductive and may pose a hazard if not handled properly. They are resistant to acidic and alkaline solutions, but caution should still be exercised when using them for electrolysis of reactive materials and chemical solutions. Alligator clips should be used for making wire connections. Keep out of reach of children.Perfect for:
- Chemistry students and teachers
- Science enthusiasts and hobbyists
- Researchers in the field of electrolysis
- Individuals looking for a cost-effective alternative to platinum electrodes
- Customers looking for bulk orders and discounts
- Anyone in need of highly conductive and resistant carbon rods
Carbon Electrode, Flat
High-purity carbon electrodes for scientific and electrical experiments, also known as graphite electrodes, with electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Each electrode measures 125 x 25 x 5mm and has a smooth surface, making it safe and easy to handle during experiments. The electrodes are individually packaged and weigh 26g.
Product Specifications
| Material | Carbon (Graphite) |
| Dimensions | 125 x 25 x 5mm |
| Weight | 26g |
| Packaging | Individual packaging |
Applications and Benefits:
- Assembling voltaic cells and electrolysis experiments
- Electrical and electronic experiments
- Scientific experiments requiring high-purity carbon material
Key Features and Benefits
- High-purity carbon material
- electrical conductivity and thermal stability
- Individually packaged for convenience and safety
Caution:
Handle with care during experiments. Keep away from flammable materials.
Carbon Electrode - High Purity Graphite Rod
(Pack Options Available)
This durable, high-quality graphite rod is designed for laboratory and industrial applications requiring superior conductivity and thermal properties. It is available in convenient pack sizes of 1, 10, or 100 rods to suit different project needs.
Key Features
- High purity, density and conductivity
- Durable
- 10 mm x 100 mm size
Product Specifications:
| Density: | 1.75 g/cc |
| Electric Resistivity: | 8-11 mega Ohm |
| Thermal Conductivity: | 121.1 W/m.k |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion: | 5.46 /ºC |
| Shore Hardness: | 42 HSD |
| Breaking Strength: | 38 MPa |
| Compressive Strength: | 65 MPa |
| Elasticity Modulus: | 9 Gpa |
| Gas hole ratio: | 17% |
| Granularity: | 13-15 micro |
Similar Products:
- Graphite Electrode - High Purity, 8 mm x 100 mm
- Carbon Electrode - High Density, 10 mm x 150 mm
- Graphite Rod - High Conductivity, 10 mm x 200 mm
- Carbon Rod - High Strength, 10 mm x 100 mm
- Graphite Electrode - High Temperature Resistance, 10 mm x 100 mm
Note: These are similar products, and each product is different, so research is required to find the best fit for your needs.
Perfect for scientists, engineers, and researchers in need of a high-quality graphite rod for various laboratory applications.
Carbon Electrode - Graphite Rod
Our Carbon Electrode - Graphite Rod is a highly conductive cylindrical graphite block, for forming electric arcs or as an electrode in basic electrolysis experiments. With a diameter of 10mm and a length of 100mm, this electrode is for students conducting experiments requiring a carbon electrode. The high conductivity and low density of the graphite material make it an choice for various applications.
Product Specifications
| Material | Graphite |
| Diameter | 10mm |
| Length | 100mm |
| Conductivity | High |
| Packaging | Single Pack, Pack of 10, Pack of 100 |
Applications and Benefits:
- for students conducting experiments requiring a carbon electrode
- Suitable for forming electric arcs or as an electrode in basic electrolysis experiments
- for experiments that require a highly conductive cylindrical graphite block
Key Features and Benefits
- Highly conductive graphite material
- Low density for performance
- 10mm diameter and 100mm length for precise applications
Caution:
This product is highly conductive and should be used with care. Always wear appropriate protective gear and follow proper safety protocols when working with electrodes.
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Understanding
What is Graphite Powder?
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