Properties of Graphite
Composition and Properties of Graphite: The Science Behind a Super Material
Unveiling the Composition
Graphite, a naturally occurring form of carbon, is distinguished by its crystalline structure, where carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal lattice. This unique configuration endows graphite with remarkable properties that have significant implications across various scientific and industrial sectors.
Structural Formula and Bonding: Each carbon atom in graphite is sp² hybridized, forming three sigma (σ) bonds with adjacent carbon atoms in a flat plane, creating the familiar hexagonal lattice. This leaves one electron per carbon atom free, residing in a p-orbital, which is oriented perpendicular to the plane. These electrons participate in pi (π) bonding, which significantly influences graphite's properties. The carbon-carbon bond length within the layers is precisely 1.42 Ångstroms.
The layers themselves are separated by a distance of 3.35 Ångstroms and are held together by relatively weak van der Waals forces. This layering allows the planes to slide over each other with ease, contributing to graphite's characteristic lubricity.
Key Properties of Graphite
High Electrical Conductivity: One of the standout features of graphite is its excellent electrical conductivity, typically around 10⁴ S/m. This property is due to the delocalized π-electrons free to move across the layers, facilitating efficient electrical current flow. This makes graphite an ideal material for use in electrodes in batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, and in electrical contacts where minimal resistance is crucial.
Lubrication: Graphite's ability to act as a lubricant is derived from the weak interlayer van der Waals forces, allowing the layers to glide smoothly over one another. This results in a low coefficient of friction, approximately 0.1, making graphite an excellent choice for dry lubricants and greases used in various mechanical and industrial applications.
Thermal Resistance and Stability: Graphite's high melting point, around 3,650°C (sublimation point), underscores its ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Its thermal properties are further exemplified by its specific heat capacity, approximately 0.71 J/g·K, and thermal conductivity, around 200 W/m·K. These characteristics make graphite indispensable in high-temperature applications such as furnace linings and crucibles used in metal processing.
Chemical Inertness: Graphite is chemically inert, resisting most acids and alkalis. This resistance is primarily due to the robust covalent bonds within the carbon layers. Graphite's standard enthalpy of formation is 0 kJ/mol, illustrating its stability and making it suitable for use in corrosive environments found in chemical reactors and as protective coatings.
Additional Properties:
- Thermal Conductivity: Beyond its resistance to heat, graphite is also an effective conductor of heat, with values ranging between 150 and 300 W/m·K, which is essential for applications involving heat dissipation in electronic devices and thermal management systems.
- Mechanical Strength: Despite its softness and flexibility, graphite exhibits considerable mechanical strength, with Young’s modulus between 10 and 20 GPa and tensile strength ranging from 20 to 40 MPa. These properties are critical for its durability and versatility in various structural applications.
Expanding Horizons
The exploration of graphite’s composition and properties reveals why it is a cornerstone material in many modern technologies and industrial applications. From enhancing battery performance to providing solutions for high-temperature industrial processes, graphite's role in advancing material science continues to grow, promising exciting new developments in fields as diverse as electronics, automotive, and aerospace industries.
Precise application with controlled droplet dispensing, Versatile use across various equipment
Precision nozzle, quick-drying, versatile, enhances functionality.
High-purity, durable, Versatile Use in household locks to industrial machinery.
Highly conductive graphite rods for electrolysis and chemical experiments.
Metallic Armor Liquid Graphite for Metal Finishes
Metallic Armor Liquid Graphite is a uniquely formulated product designed to transform any material into a realistic, shiny metallic finish. It’s perfect for a variety of applications including art projects, cosplay props, stage sets, and any scenario requiring a non-metal material to appear like real metal. The product offers a stunning, reflective metal look on materials like wood, plastic, and more. Its easy application process involves using a brush or spray for smooth, even coverage. The durable finish ensures longevity, standing up to wear and tear. Application involves preparing the surface, applying a base coat, spreading the liquid graphite, buffing it to a shine, and sealing it with a clear spray. Note that the initial paint base, sealing products, buffing cloth, and instruction booklet are not included. The product is packaged in a tall, cylindrical tin jar with a built-in brush, featuring an eye-catching label with helmet motifs.
Key Features
- Realistic, reflective metallic finish on various surfaces.
- Easy brush or spray application.
- Ideal for art, cosplay, and stage sets.
- Durable, long-lasting finish.
- Includes buffing cloth and instruction booklet.
Product Specifications
| Container | Tall, cylindrical tin jar with built-in brush |
| Label Design | Eye-catching with Spartan, Samurai, medieval helmet motifs |
| Application Method | Brush |
| Finish Type | Shiny metallic |
| Note | Initial paint base, sealing products, buffing cloth, and instruction booklet are not included. |
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Perfect for Cosplayers, Artists, Prop Makers, Stage Designers, Hobbyists
How to Make a Material Shiny Using Graphite Powder
Achieve a stunning, professional-looking shine on various materials with this step-by-step guide using graphite powder. Perfect for props, cosplay, and DIY enthusiasts!
Step 1: Clean the Surface
Begin by thoroughly cleaning the surface of the material you want to make shiny. Use a mild detergent and water to remove any dirt, grease, or debris. Rinse the material with clean water and allow it to dry completely. For best results, lightly sand the surface with fine-grit sandpaper to ensure it's smooth.
Step 2: Apply a Base Coat
Choose a suitable base coat paint for your material (e.g., primer or base paint). The base coat helps the graphite powder adhere better and enhances the final finish. Apply an even layer of the base coat using a brush or spray. Ensure full coverage and allow it to dry according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Step 3: Apply Graphite Powder
Once the base coat is dry, it's time to apply the graphite powder. You can use a soft brush, sponge, or even your fingers for this step. Gently rub the graphite powder onto the surface in a circular motion. Ensure even coverage and work the powder into all the nooks and crannies. For a more intense shine, apply multiple thin layers, buffing the surface between each layer with a soft cloth.
Step 4: Buff to a Shine
After applying the graphite powder, use a soft, lint-free cloth to buff the surface. This will enhance the shine and give it a smooth, polished look. Continue buffing until you achieve the desired level of shine.
Step 5: Seal the Finish
To protect the shiny finish and ensure its durability, apply a clear sealant or topcoat. Choose a sealant compatible with your base coat and material. Apply the sealant in a thin, even layer using a brush or spray. Allow it to dry completely according to the manufacturer's instructions. For extra protection, consider applying a second coat of sealant.
Final Tips
- Work in a well-ventilated area and use protective gear such as gloves and a mask to avoid inhaling graphite dust.
- Test the process on a small, inconspicuous area of your material first to ensure compatibility and desired results.
By following these steps, you can achieve a professional-looking, shiny finish using graphite powder on various materials, perfect for props, cosplay, and other creative projects.
Why Use Graphite Powder?
Graphite powder is a versatile material known for its excellent lubrication properties, high conductivity, and ability to create a sleek, metallic finish. It's widely used in industrial applications, scientific research, and creative projects.
Applications of Graphite Powder
Graphite powder can be used for:
- Lubrication: Ideal for reducing friction in locks, hinges, and machinery.
- Conductive Ink: Perfect for creating circuits and electronic components.
- Art and Crafts: Used in making paints, coatings, and creating metallic finishes on sculptures and models.
- Cosplay and Props: Gives a shiny, metallic look to props and costumes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Is graphite powder safe to use?
A: Yes, graphite powder is safe to use if handled properly. Always work in a well-ventilated area and use protective gear such as gloves and a mask to avoid inhaling the dust.
Q: Can I use graphite powder on any material?
A: Graphite powder works best on smooth, non-porous surfaces. It may not adhere well to rough or porous materials without a suitable base coat.
Q: How do I achieve the best results with graphite powder?
A: Ensure the surface is clean and smooth before application, apply a base coat, use multiple thin layers of graphite powder, and buff between each layer for the best shine. Seal the finish with a clear coat for durability.
Graphite Powder, Micronized Flake, 95+%
Micronized natural graphite is an electrically conductive powder that can produce metallic shine on skin and smooth surfaces. Particle size of about 5 micron and flake shape of particles allow you to apply this powder by brush or by foam to create a conductive surface or the metallic shine effect. GRPM5 is a natural graphite with more than 95% carbon content, ground to a fine powder with average particle size of about 5 micron.
Product Specifications
| Carbon Content | 95+% |
| Particle Size | 5 micron (average) |
| Apparent Density | 0.25 g/cc |
| CAS# Graphite | 7782-42-5 |
| CAS# Carbon | 7740-44-0 |
| SKU | GRPM5 |
Applications and Benefits:
- Lubrication (cold and hot)
- Lubricant pastes
- Conductive pastes
- Electroplating on plastics and non-conductive objects
- Powder metallurgy for alloy and sintering control
Caution:
The natural graphite may have impurities such as sulfur, quartz, mica, ash, and humidity.
GraphiSil 350 Silicone Graphite Lubricant
Enhance the performance and longevity of your machinery with GraphiSil 350 Silicone Graphite Lubricant. Our advanced formula combines high-purity graphite powder with premium silicone fluid for precise and lasting lubrication, reducing wear and corrosion.
Key Features
- High-performance blend of graphite powder and silicone fluid
- Precise application with controlled droplet dispensing
- Long-lasting protection against wear and corrosion
- Compact 15ml bottle for on-the-go maintenance
- Versatile use across various equipment and applications
Product Specifications
| Material | Graphite, Silicone Fluid 350 cst |
| Volume | 15 Milliliters |
| Weight | 1 Ounce |
| Brand | MINISCIENCE.COM |
| Product Dimensions | 0.75 x 0.75 x 3.5 inches |
| UNSPSC Code | 15121500 |
| Country of Origin | USA |
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Perfect for sports enthusiasts, musicians, small business owners, and DIY maintenance.
GraphiQuick Liquid Graphite: Multi-Use Lubricant & Craft Enhancer 15ml
Innovative Liquid Graphite Technology ensures smooth lubrication with a unique metallic finish, suitable for both mechanical applications and artistic creations.
Key Features
- Liquid Graphite Formula for smooth lubrication
- Precision Nozzle for meticulous application
- Controlled Flow with adjustable line thickness
- Quick Drying & Durable, ideal for rapid projects
- Versatile Use in household and business maintenance
Product Specifications
| Material | Isopropyl Alcohol, Graphite |
| Volume | 15 Milliliters |
| Weight | 0.5 Ounces |
| Brand | MINISCIENCE.COM |
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- Quick-dry, precision nozzle lubricant
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Perfect for DIY enthusiasts, crafters, and small business owners.
GraphiLock Premium Micronized Graphite Lubricant 15ml
Ensure peak performance with GraphiLock, crafted from high-purity, micronized graphite for detailed and thorough coverage. Ideal for locks and machinery in various environmental conditions.
Key Features
- Precision Application with flake-shaped particles
- Enhanced Performance reduces friction and wear
- Versatile Use in household locks to industrial machinery
- High Stability in Extreme Conditions
- Superior Adhesion for thorough lubrication
Product Specifications
| Carbon Content | More than 95% |
| Particle Size | Approximately 5 microns |
| Density | 0.25 g/cc |
| CAS Number | 7782-42-5 |
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- High-purity graphite, industrial lubricant
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Perfect for industrial maintenance teams, locksmiths, and security professionals.
GR5 High Macro-Crystallinity Graphite Powder
GR5 is a premium natural flake graphite powder with a high degree of macro-crystallinity, boasting over 99% carbon content. Designed with flake-shaped particles, GR5 excels in thermal and electrical conductivity, making it ideal for various industries. It features low spring-back properties, enhancing its performance in applications such as molding and friction materials. GR5's versatility extends to powder metallurgy, batteries, fuel cells, refractories, lubricants, rubber compounds, pencils, gaskets, and polymer systems. Its purity ensures reliable performance across high-stress and specialized applications. Users are advised to handle with care and review the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for optimal use.
Key Features
- High macro-crystallinity ensures superior structural integrity
- 99% carbon content guarantees optimal purity
- Flake-shaped particles for easy application in manufacturing
- Exceptional thermal and electrical conductivity
- Low spring-back properties enhance performance in molding
- Versatile for multiple applications, including batteries, lubricants, and refractories
Product Specifications
| Carbon Content | 99% |
| Particle Shape | Flake |
| Apparent Density | 0.25 g/cc |
| CAS# Graphite | 7782-42-5 |
| CAS# Carbon | 7740-44-0 |
| SKU | GR5 |
Applications and Benefits:
- Powder metallurgy
- Batteries and fuel cells
- Refractories
- Lubricants
- Rubber compounds
- Pencils
- Gaskets
- Polymer systems
Caution:
Handle with care. The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) must be reviewed for optimal use and safety precautions.
Graphite Electrode Pair for Hoffman Electrolysis Apparatus
Introducing the Graphite Electrode Pair, a spare pair of carbon electrodes designed for use with the Hoffman Electrolysis Apparatus. These electrodes measure 100 x 5mm and are inserted in a rubber stopper with insulated lead wire. Made of high-quality graphite, they provide a reliable and long-lasting option for conducting electrolysis experiments. Whether you're a student or a professional, these spare carbon electrodes are an essential addition to your lab equipment.
Product Specifications:
| Product Name | Spare Pair Of Carbon Electrodes (Graphite Electrodes) |
| Material | Carbon |
| Size (L x D) | 100 x 5mm |
| Compatibility | Hoffman Electrolysis Apparatus |
| Features | Inserted in a rubber stopper with insulated lead wire |
Perfect for:
- Chemistry students
- Science teachers
- Electrolysis enthusiasts
- Lab technicians
- Research scientists
- Academic institutions
CAUTION: Please handle the carbon electrodes with care to avoid breakage or damage. Always use insulated lead wires to prevent electric shock. Do not touch the electrodes while they are in use as they may become extremely hot.
Carbon Rods Set
Carbon Rods Set is a collection of five highly conductive and resistant to acidic and alkaline solutions graphite rods. These rods are an excellent alternative to platinum electrodes for some electrolysis experiments. Each graphite rod is approximately 9 inches (20 cm) long and about 5 mm in diameter. Alligator clips can be used for making wire connections. The price is for a set of five carbon rods, and the minimum order quantity is one set. Bulk discounts or bulk pricing apply to all orders of 10 sets and more. This set of carbon rods is perfect for electrolysis of reactive materials and chemical solutions and other compounds.
Key Features:
- Carbon Rods, Graphite Rods, and Carbon Electrode Rods included in set
- Highly conductive for efficient electrolysis
- Resistant to acidic and alkaline solutions for durability
- Suitable alternative to platinum electrodes for some experiments
- Each graphite rod is approximately 9 inches (20 cm) long and 5 mm in diameter
- Bulk discounts available for orders of 10 sets or more
Product Specifications:
| Product Name | Carbon Rods, Graphite Rods, Carbon Electrode Rods, Set Of 5 Graphite, Carbon, Electrode Carbon Rods |
| Features | Highly Conductive, Resistant To Acidic And Alkaline Solutions, Suitable Alternative To Platinum Electrodes For Some Electrolysis Experiments |
| Dimensions | Each Graphite Rod Is About 9 Inches (20 Cm) Long And About 5 Mm In Diameter |
| Recommended Use | May Be Used For Electrolysis Of Reactive Materials And Chemical Solutions And Other Compounds |
| Wire Connections | Alligator Clips Can Be Used For Making Wire Connections |
| Price | Price Is For A Set Of Five Carbon Rods. Minimum Order Quantity Is One Set. Bulk Discounts Or Bulk Pricing Apply To All Orders Of 10 Sets And More |
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Note: These are similar products, and each product is different, so research is required to find the best fit for your needs.
Caution:
These carbon and graphite rods are highly conductive and may pose a hazard if not handled properly. They are resistant to acidic and alkaline solutions, but caution should still be exercised when using them for electrolysis of reactive materials and chemical solutions. Alligator clips should be used for making wire connections. Keep out of reach of children.Perfect for:
- Chemistry students and teachers
- Science enthusiasts and hobbyists
- Researchers in the field of electrolysis
- Individuals looking for a cost-effective alternative to platinum electrodes
- Customers looking for bulk orders and discounts
- Anyone in need of highly conductive and resistant carbon rods
Carbon Electrodes (Graphite)
Carbon electrodes, also known as graphite electrodes, are blocks of high-purity carbon used for scientific experiments such as assembling voltaic cells and electrolysis. Graphite is also commonly used for electrical and electronic experiments due to its excellent electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Each electrode measures 125 x 25 x 5mm and has a smooth surface, making it safe and easy to handle during experiments.
General Information
High-purity carbon electrodes are essential for scientific and electrical experiments, and the Carbon Electrodes (Graphite) are perfect for those looking for a reliable and efficient option. These electrodes are commonly used for assembling voltaic cells and electrolysis experiments, thanks to their excellent electrical conductivity and thermal stability. They are also known as graphite electrodes and are frequently used for electrical and electronic experiments. If you're looking for a high-quality carbon electrode, the Carbon Electrodes (Graphite) are an excellent choice.
Product Specifications
| Material | Carbon (Graphite) |
| Dimensions | 125 x 25 x 5mm |
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CAUTION: Handle with care during experiments. Keep away from flammable materials.
Perfect for:
- Scientists conducting experiments with voltaic cells and electrolysis
- Electrical and electronic experiment enthusiasts
Key Features:
- High-purity carbon material
- Used for assembling voltaic cells and electrolysis experiments
- Excellent electrical conductivity and thermal stability
- Also known as graphite electrodes for electrical and electronic experiments
Carbon Electrode - High Purity Graphite Rod
(Pack Options Available)
This durable, high-quality graphite rod is designed for laboratory and industrial applications requiring superior conductivity and thermal properties. It is available in convenient pack sizes of 1, 10, or 100 rods to suit different project needs.
Key Features
- High purity, density and conductivity
- Durable
- 10 mm x 100 mm size
Product Specifications:
| Density: | 1.75 g/cc |
| Electric Resistivity: | 8-11 mega Ohm |
| Thermal Conductivity: | 121.1 W/m.k |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion: | 5.46 /ºC |
| Shore Hardness: | 42 HSD |
| Breaking Strength: | 38 MPa |
| Compressive Strength: | 65 MPa |
| Elasticity Modulus: | 9 Gpa |
| Gas hole ratio: | 17% |
| Granularity: | 13-15 micro |
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- Graphite Electrode - High Purity, 8 mm x 100 mm
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Perfect for scientists, engineers, and researchers in need of a high-quality graphite rod for various laboratory applications.
Carbon Electrode - Graphite Rod
If you're looking for a highly conductive cylindrical graphite block, our Carbon Electrode - Graphite Rod is the perfect fit for you. With a diameter of 10mm and a length of 100mm, this electrode is ideal for forming electric arcs or as an electrode in basic electrolysis experiments. It's also perfect for students conducting experiments requiring a carbon electrode.
| Material | Graphite |
| Diameter | 10mm |
| Length | 100mm |
| Conductivity | High |
| Packaging | Single Pack, Pack of 10, Pack of 100 |
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CAUTION: This product is highly conductive and should be used with care. Always wear appropriate protective gear and follow proper safety protocols when working with electrodes.
Perfect for:
- Students conducting experiments requiring carbon electrode
- 1
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